With ratification of the Paris Agreement, concluded in December 2015 at the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21) in Paris, industrialized countries as well as emerging economies and developing countries commit themselves to take action in order to limit global warming to 2 and preferably 1.5 degree Celsius. The actual “climate outcome” of the Paris Agreement will mainly depend on implementation of the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), that all states must submit to the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
